Koan-kiān Bu̍t-chióng
作者：陳雷
（本文是漢羅合用kap全羅馬字一段一段對照）
1969年Robert Paine先生tī美國加州海岸做一个真簡單ê實驗。Tī海漲kap khó流ê水位中間有真濟種類ê生物，包含海草、無kha-chiah骨動物、海星（starfish）kap giô-poe（mussel）。In互相競爭，tī hit个小環境內底造成一个穩定--ê、特別ê生態系統。Paine kā海星ùi chit个環境提掉，giô-poe無海星kā食，失去控制，湠kah一大堆，別項生物失去生存ê空間。結果tī一冬內，hit个範圍內ê生物種類失去一半；而且進一步確定，若是kā海星koh囥倒tńg--去，生態就koh回復。伊kā chit个海星號做關鍵物種（keystone species）。
1969 nî Robert Paine sin-seⁿ tī Bí-kok Ka-chiu hái-hōaⁿ chò 1 ê chin kán-tan ê si̍t-giām. Tī hái-tiòng kap khó-lâu ê chúi-ūi tiong-kan ū chin chē chióng-lūi ê seng-bu̍t, pau-hâm hái-chháu, bû kha-chiah-kut tōng-bu̍t, hái-chhiⁿ (starfish) kap giô-poe (mussel). In hō͘-siong kèng-cheng, tī hit ê sió khoân-kéng lāi-té chō-sêng 1 ê ún-tēng--ê, te̍k-pia̍t ê seng-thài hē-thóng. Paine kā hái-chhiⁿ ùi chit ê khoân-kéng the̍h-tiāu, giô-poe bô hái-chhiⁿ kā chia̍h, sit-khì khòng-chè, thòaⁿ kah chi̍t-tōa-tui, pa̍t-hāng seng-bu̍t sit-khì seng-chûn ê khong-kan. Kiat-kó tī 1 tang lāi, hit ê hoān-ûi lāi ê seng-bu̍t chióng-lūi sit-khì chi̍t-pòaⁿ; jî-chhiáⁿ chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ khak-tēng, nā-sī kā hái-chhiⁿ koh khǹg tò-tńg--khì, seng-thài tō koh hôe-ho̍k. I kā chit ê hái-chhiⁿ hō-chò koan-kiān bu̍t-chióng (keystone species).
Beh了解生物界ê多元現象（biodiversity），關鍵物種是真重要ê觀念。Tī某一个環境內底，有某一項特別重要ê種類，控制規个生態ê穩定平衡。失去chit个品種，就ē嚴重減少多元種類、生態，親像頂面海星ê例。
Beh liáu-kái seng-bu̍t-kài ê to-goân hiān-siōng (biodiversity), koan-kiān bu̍t-chióng sī chin tiōng-iàu ê koan-liām. Tī bó͘ 1 ê khoân-kéng lāi-té, ū bó͘ 1 hāng te̍k-pia̍t tiōng-iàu ê chióng-lūi, khòng-chè kui-ê seng-thài ê ún-tēng pêng-hêng. Sit-khì chit ê phín-chióng, tō ē giâm-tiōng kiám-chió to-goân chióng-lūi, seng-thài. Chhin-chhiūⁿ téng-bīn hái-chhiⁿ ê lē.
1969年以來，有確定真濟其他ê關鍵物種，親像沙魚、海水獺（sea otter）、非洲象、phú狼（gray wolf）、Saguaro仙人掌、無花果樹、海獺（beaver）種種。上出名就是美國黃石公園ê例。1924年公園ê狼hō͘人刣絕了後，草食ê動物生湠失去控制，破壞公園ê草地、樹林，引起一連sòa物種消失。1973年人工kā phú狼囥tńg去公園以後，變化真明顯，到taⁿ黃石公園顯示真氣派ê生態回復。
1969 nî í-lâi, ū khak-tēng chin chē kî-thaⁿ ê koan-kiān bu̍t-chióng, chhin-chhiūⁿ soa-hî, hái-chúi-thoah (sea otter), Hui-chiu chhiūⁿ, phú-lông (gray wolf), Saguaro sian-jîn-chiáng, bô-hoe-kó chhiū, hái-thoah (beaver) chióng-chióng. Siōng chhut-miâ tō sī Bí-kok N̂g-chio̍h kong-hn̂g ê lē. 1924 nî kong-hn̂g ê lông hō͘ lâng thâi-choa̍t liáu-āu, chháu-si̍t ê tōng-bu̍t seⁿ-thòaⁿ sit-khì khòng-chè, phò-hāi kong-hn̂g ê chháu-tē, chhiū-nâ, ín-khí chi̍t-liân-sòa bu̍t-chióng siau-sit. 1973 nî jîn-kang kā phú-lông khǹg tńg-khì kong-hn̂g í-āu, piàn-hòa chin bêng-hián, kàu-taⁿ N̂g-chio̍h kong-hn̂g hián-sī chin khì-phài ê seng-thài hôe-ho̍k.
但是關鍵物種ê觀念上關鍵--ê是伊負面ê教示。消滅關鍵物種，生態就ē嚴重破壞。人是上大ê關鍵物種消滅者。
Tān-sī koan-kiān bu̍t-chióng ê koan-liām siōng koan-kiān--ê sī i hū-bīn ê kà-sī. Siau-bia̍t koan-kiān bu̍t-chióng, seng-thài tō ē giâm-tiōng phò-hāi. Lâng sī siōng tōa ê koan-kiān bu̍t-chióng siau-bia̍t-chiá.
